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Biology Questions
1.The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry
information on
(a) date of collection (b) name of collector
(c) local names (d) height of the plant.
(NEETII 2016)
2. Match column I with column II for housefly
classification and select the correct option using
the codes given below.
Column I Column II
A. Family (i) Diptera
B. Order (ii) Arthropoda
C. Class (iii) Muscidae
D. Phylum (iv) Insecta
(a) A(iii), B(i), C(iv), D(ii)
(b) A(iii), B(ii), C(iv), D(i)
(c) A(iv), B(iii), C(ii), D(i)
(d) A(iv), B(ii), C(i), D(iii)
(NEETII 2016)
3. Study the four statements (AD) given below and
select the two correct ones out of them.
A. Definition of biological species was given
by Ernst Mayr.
B. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in
plants.
C. Binomial nomenclature system was given
by R.H. Whittaker.
D. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is
synonymous with growth.
The two correct statements are
(a) B and C (b) C and D
(c) A and D (d) A and B.
(NEETII 2016)
4. Nomenclature is governed by certain universal
rules. Which one of the following is contrary to
the rules of nomenclature?
(a) The names are written in Latin and are
italicised.
(b) When written by hand the names are to be
underlined.
(c) Biological names can be written in any
language.
(d) The first word in a biological name
represents the genus name and the second
is a specific epithet.
(NEETI 2016)
5. Which one of the following is not a correct
statement?
(a) A museum has collection of photographs of
plants and animals.
(b) Key is a taxonomic aid for identification of
specimens.
(c) Herbarium houses dried, pressed and
preserved plant specimens.
(d) Botanical gardens have collection of living
plants for reference.
(NEET 2013)
6. The common characteristics between tomato
and potato will be maximum at the level of
their
(a) family (b) order
(c) division (d) genus.
(Karnataka NEET 2013)
7. Which one of the following organisms is
scientifically correctly named, correctly printed
according to the International Rules of
Nomenclature and correctly described?
(a) Musca domestica the common house
lizard, a reptile
(b) Plasmodium falciparum a protozoan
pathogen causing the most serious type of
malaria.
(c) Felis tigris the Indian tiger, well protected
in Gir forests.
(d) E.coli full name Entamoeba coli, a
commonly occurring bacterium in human
intestine
8. Which one of the following animals is correctly
matched with its particular taxonomic category?
(a) Tiger Tigris, species
(b) Cuttlefish mollusca, class
(c) Humans primata, family
(d) Housefly Musca, order (2011)
9. Which one of the following aspects is an
exclusive characteristic of living things?
(a) Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro
(b) Increase in mass from inside only
(c) Perception of events happening in the
environment and their memory.
(d) Increase in mass by accumulation of
material both on surface as well as
internally.
(Mains 2011)
10. ICBN stands for
(a) International Code of Botanical Nomencla
ture
(b) International Congress of Biological Names
(c) Indian Code of Botanical Nomenclature
(d) Indian Congress of Biological Names.
(2007)
11. The living organisms can be unexceptionally
distinguished from the nonliving things on
the basis of their ability for
(a) interaction with the environment and
progressive evolution
(b) reproduction
(c) growth and movement
(d) responsiveness to touch. (2007)
12. One of the most important functions of botanical
gardens is that
(a) they provide a beautiful area for recreation
(b) one can observe tropical plants there
(c) they allow ex situ conservation of germ
plasm
(d) they provide the natural habitat for wild
life. (2005)
13. Species are considered as
(a) real basic units of classification
(b) the lowest units of classification
(c) artificial concept of human mind which
cannot be defined in absolute terms
(d) real units of classification devised by
taxonomists. (2003)
14. Biosystematics aims at
(a) the classification of organisms based on
broad morphological characters
(b) delimiting various taxa of organisms and
establishing their relationships
(c) the classification of organisms based on
their evolutionary history and establishing
their phylogeny on the totality of various
parameters from all fields of studies
(d) identification and arrangement of organisms
on the basis of their cytological
characteristics. (2003)
15. Which of the following is less general in
characters as compared to genus?
(a) Species (b) Division
(c) Class (d) Family (2001)
16. The book ‘Genera Plantarum’ was written by
(a) Engler and Prantl
(b) Bentham and Hooker
(c) Bessey (d) Hutchinson.
(1999)
17. ‘Taxon’ is the unit of a group of
(a) order (b) taxonomy
(c) species (d) genes. (1996)
18. Linnaeus is credited with
(a) binomial nomenclature
(b) theory of biogenesis
(c) discovery of microscope
(d) discovery of blood circulation. (1993)
19. Sequence of taxonomic categories is
(a) class–phylum–tribe–order–family–genus–
species
(b) division–class–family–tribe–order–genus–
species
(c) division–class–order–family–tribe–genus–
species.
(d) phylum–order–class–tribe–family–genus–
species. (1992)
20. The term phylum was given by
(a) Cuvier (b) Haeckel
(c) Theophrastus (d) Linnaeus. (1992)
21. A group of plants or animals with similar traits
of any rank is
(a) species (b) genus
(c) order (d) taxon.
A taxon is
(a) a group of related families
(b) a group of related species
(c) a type of living organisms
(d) a taxonomic group of any ranking.
(1992, 1990)
23. Basic unit or smallest taxon of taxonomy/
classification is
(a) species (b) kingdom
(c) family (d) variety. (1990)
24. Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature
called
(a) mononomial (b) vernacular
(c) binomial (d) polynomial.
(1990)
25. The term “New Systematics” was introduced by
(a) Bentham and Hooker
(b) Linnaeus
(c) Julian Huxley
(d) A.P. de Candolle. (1988)
26. Static concept of species was put forward by
(a) de Candolle (b) Linnaeus
(c) Theophrastus (d) Darwin.
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1. (d) :A herbarium is a collection of plants, which
have been dried, pressed, mounted on herbarium
sheets, identified and classified according to some
approved system of classification. The storage of
herbarium sheets forms a repository for future use. A
printed label (7 × 12 cm) giving the following
information is fixed on the lower, right corner of
herbarium sheet:
(i) Scientific name of plant (ii) Common/vernacular
name (iii) Family (iv) Locality (v) Date of collection
(vi) Collection number (vii) Name of collector (viii)
Plant characteristics (optional) (ix) Name of
institution (optional).
2. (a)
3. (c) : Photoperiod affects flowering and
reproduction in plants. Binomial nomenclature system
was given by Carolus Linnaeus.
4. (c) : Biological names are derived either from
Latin language or are latinised. This is because Latin
language is a dead language and therefore it will not
change in form or spellings with the passage of time.
5. (a) : Museums have collections of preserved
plant and animal specimens for study and reference.
Specimens are preserved in the containers or jars in
preservative solutions. Plant and animal specimens
may also be preserved as dry specimens. Insects are
preserved in insect boxes after collecting, killing and
pinning. Larger animals like birds and mammals are
usually stuffed and preserved. Museums often have
collections of skeletons of animals too.
6. (a) : Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and tomato
(Lycopersicum esculentum) both belong to family
Solanaceae, which is commonly called as the “potato
family”. Many plants belonging to this family are
sources of vegetables, fruits etc.
7. (b) : Plasmodium falciparum is a protozoan
parasite, one of the species of Plasmodium that causes
malaria in humans. Being digenetic, its life cycle is
complete in two hosts — man and mosquito. Its sexual
cycle is completed in female Anopheles mosquito and
infective individuals called sporozoites are formed.
Which are transmitted to humans with the bite of
infected female Anopheles. Asexual cycle is passed
in man in two phases. Malaria caused by P.
falciparum (also known as aestivoautumnal,
malignant tertian or pernicious malaria) is the most
dangerous form of malaria, with the highest rate of
complication and mortality. In this case fever cycle is
of 48 hours and is often fatal to patient as it affects
the brain.
Scientific name of common house lizard is
Hemidactylus whereas Musca domestica is the
scientific name of common housefly. Scientific name
of Indian tiger is Panthera tigris. Full name of E.coli
is Escherichia coli. 8. (a) : Binomial nomenclature system of naming
organisms using a twopart Latinized (or scientific)
name that was devised by the Swedish botanist
Linnaeus (Carl Linne); it is also known as the
Linnaean system. The first part is the generic name,
the second is the specific name. Zoological name of
tiger is Panthera tigris. So, tigris is species name of
Tiger.
9. (c)
10. (a) : The International Code of Botanical
Nomenclature (ICBN) is a set of rules and
recommendations dealing with the formal botanical
names given to plant. The foundations of ICBN are
given in book written by C. Linnaeus named
Philosophia Botanica. It is independent of zoological
nomenclature. The rank of species is basic and relative
order of the ranks of taxa are as : species, genus,
tribe, family, order, series, class, division and
kingdom.
The different ranks or categories have following
specific endings of their names as division – phyla,
classae, familyaceae.
11. (d)
12. (c) : Ex situ conservation means “offsite
conservation”. It is the process of protecting
endangered species of plants and animals by removing
it from an unsafe or threatened habitat and placing it
or part of it under the care of humans. Botanical
garden serve as ex situ conservation of germplasm of
different plants, to maintain rare and endemic plant
species and also to provide recreation and knowledge
about plants to a common man.
13. (a) : Species is a natural population or group of
natural populations of individuals which are
genetically distinct and reproductively isolated with
similar essential morphological traits. Species is also
a genetically closed system because its members do
not interbreed with members of other species. Species
is lowest or basic taxonomic category, e.g., mango
(Mangifera indica), potato (Solanum tuberosum), lion
(Panthera leo). Here indica, tuberosum, leo are species
of genera Mangifera, Solanum and Pantera
respectively. All other taxonomic categories are
defined and described in relation to species. For
example, a genus is a group of species and a subspecies
or a variety is a part of species. New species originate
from already existing species. Species is considered
basic unit of taxonomy since in the greater majority
of cases we do not have intraspecific names.
14. (c) : Biosystematics is the study of identification,
nomenclature classification and relationships amongst
living beings. In other words, it is the study of diversity
of organisms, their comparative and evolutionary
relationships based on comparative anatomy, ecology,
physiology, biochemistry and other fields.
15. (a) : A taxonomic hierarchy is the sequence of
arrangement of taxonomic categories in a descending
order during the classification of an organism. There
are seven obligate categories kingdom, division ,
class, order, family, genus and species. Species is the
lowest category while kingdom is the highest category.
The number of common characters is maximum in case
of organisms placed in the lowest category. Number
of common characters decreases with the rise in
category. Species are the smallest group of individuals
which can be recognized by ordinary methods as
groups and which are consistently and persistently
different from other groups because their characters
are less general.
16. (b) : Bentham and Hooker in their monumental
work Genera Plantarum (18621883) have provided
elaborate keys for the easy identification of 202
natural orders and genera. Engler and Prantl wrote
Die naturlichen pflanzen familien. Huchinson wrote
a book titled “The Families of Flowering Plants.”
17. (b) : Taxon refers to all the categories in the
taxonomic hierarchy. It may be a kingdom, class,
order, family, genus or species. It is any level of
grouping of organisms. Each of these categories has
been divided further into intermediate categories like
subkingdom, subdivision, superclass, subgenus,
subspecies etc. This term was coined by ICBN in
1956.
18. (a) : Binomial nomenclature of scientific naming
was first given by C. Linnaeus (1735) in his book
Systema Naturae and later in “Species Plantarum”
(1753). He used two latin words for any organism, the
first being generic name and the second is specific
name. The generic name begins with capital letter and
the species name with small letter.
19. (c) : To construct the hierarchy of classification,
one or more species are grouped into a genus, one or
more of genera into a family, families are clubbed into
order, orders into class, classes into phylum and
various phyla into kingdom.
20. (a) : The term phylum was given by Cuvier.
21. (d) : A taxon (plural taxa) or taxonomic unit, is
a name designating an organism or group of organisms.
A taxon is assigned a rank and can be placed at a
particular level in a systematic hierarchy reflecting
evolutionary relationships.
22. (d) : The word taxon signifies a taxonomic group
of any rank which represents the real biological
organisms included in a category. The term taxon was
coined by Adolf Meyer (1926) for animals and H.J
Lam (1948) used this term in plant science.
23. (a) : Basic unit or smallest taxon of taxonomy/
classification is species. Species is a group of
individuals that remain relatively constant in their
characteristics; can be distinguished from other species
and do not normally interbreed.
24. (c) : Refer to answer 18.
25. (c) : The term “New Systematics” was given by
Julian Huxley (1940). This classification takes into
account the cytological, morphological, genetical,
anatomical, palynological and physiological
characters.
26. (c).
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1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (d) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (c) 26. (c)